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2020-12-09T02:00:13
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The use of Semantic Web technologies in educational Web portals has been reported to facilitate users 'search, access, and retrieval of learning resources. To achieve this, a number of different architectural components and services need to be harmonically combined and implemented. This article presents how this issue is dealt with in the context of a large-scale case study.

More specifically, it describes the architecture behind the Organic. Edunet Web portal that aims to provide access to a federation of repositories with learning resources on agricultural topics. The various components of the architecture are presented and the supporting technologies are explained. In addition, the article focuses on how Semantic Web technologies are being adopted, specialized, and put in practice in order to facilitate ontology-aided sharing and reusing of learning resources.

The number of annual weeds were recorded in field experiments in spring-sown cereal crops conducted in Sweden Two null hypotheses were tested regarding how the sowing date influenced the weed flora. There is no relationship between the weed flora composition and sowing date. A pCCA with geographic regions, crop species and soil types as covariables clearly refuted this hypothesis.

Hence, the composition of the weed flora varied depending on sowing date. Species classified as summer annuals, winter annuals and germination generalists that can germinate substantially in both spring and autumn do not differ in their placement along the first ordination axis in the pCCA, i. Hence, germination syndrome classification did not explain the observed community differences related to sowing date. These results illustrate the importance of the date of disturbance for any secondary succession involving a seed bank and also the importance of annual dormancy cycles in seed banks.

We present a vision of an extension of the emerging semantic web into what we call a Conceptual Web , where the semantics is not only machine-understandable, but also available for the user in an appealing form, which creates substantial benefits in terms of overview and clarity.

We are using visual modeling in UML and a technique called conceptual browsing  to present the conceptual web to the user. This construction lives on top of the ordinary semantic web and thus shares the advantages of RDF, such as distributivity and scalability. Life long, flexible, collaborative, and personalised learning are words that are being increasingly used, whenever education is discussed and designed. They express new and important demands on learning architectures, both with regard to pedagogy, organisation and technology.

Traditional learning architectures are based on teacher-centric and curriculum-oriented ''knowledge-push''. In this paper, we present an infrastructure, an architecture and a number of frameworks and tools that support learner-centric and interest-oriented ''knowledge-pull''.

We see them as a contribution to a Public e-Learning Platform, which can achieve true interoperability based on open source and open international ICT standards. Traditional learning architectures are based on teacher-centric and curriculum-oriented "knowledge-push".

In this paper, we present an infrastructure, an architecture and a number of frameworks and tools that support learner-centric and interest-oriented "knowledge-pull". This paper describes the integration of the Conzilla concept browser and the Confolio portfolio management system with the FlashMeeting videoconferencing tool. The result of this integration is expected to produce a combined tool, CoCoFlash, which can support a powerful e-learning model.

We describe the goals and main services this infrastructure will provide and the architecture to connect Edutella Peers based on exchange of RDF metadata.

Finally, we shortly discuss registration and mediation services, and introduce the prototype and application scenario for our current Edutella aware peers. The quantity and quality of freshwater resources are now being seriously threatened, partly as a result of extensive worldwide changes in land use, and scientists are often called upon by policy makers and managers to predict the ecological consequences that these alterations will have for stream ecosystems.

The effects of the urbanization of stream ecosystems in the United States over the next 20 years are of particular concern. To address this issue, we present a multidisciplinary research agenda designed to improve our forecasting of the effects of land-use change on stream ecosystems.

Currently, there are gaps in both our knowledge and the data that make it difficult to link the disparate models used by economists, hydrologists, geomorphologists, and ecologists.

We identify a number of points that practitioners in each discipline were not comfortable compromising on-for example, by assuming an average condition for a given variable. Meeting these challenges will require both interdisciplinary cooperation and a reviewed commitment to intradisciplinary research in the fields of economics, geography, quantitative spatial analysis, hydrology, geomorphology, and ecology.

Meta-data is the fundamental building block of the Semantic Web. However, the meta-data concept is too loosely defined to provide architectural guidelines for its use. This paper analyzes important uses of meta-data in the e-learning domain, from a pedagogical and philosophical point of view, and abstracts from them a set of fundamental architectural requirements for Semantic Web meta-data.

It also describes some flexible generic techniques for working with meta-data, following these requirements. This architecture builds on Edutella, a peer-to-peer meta-data exchange network, and a technique called conceptual modeling using the Conzilla concept browser, a new kind of knowledge management tool for conceptual navigation and exploration. The architecture provides an inquiry-based e-learning system that fits into the Semantic Web philosophy, and is based on a pedagogical framework called the knowledge manifold.

Wewill describe some details of the current draft for a complete RDF bindingfor LOM and discuss some of the constructs used in that binding. We will then present a so-called SHAME Query Model of this bindingthat can be used to specify and visualize application profileconstraints when using this binding.

Lake Simcoe, the largest lake in southern Ontario outside of the Laurentian Great Lakes, is affected by numerous stressors including eutrophication resulting from total phosphorus TP loading, climate change, and invasions of exotic species. We synthesized the long-term responses of Lake Simcoe to these stressors by assessing trends in water quality and biological composition over multiple trophic levels.

Evidence for climate change included increasing thermal stability of the lake and changes in subfossil diatom communities over time. Although the deep water dissolved oxygen O-2 minimum has increased significantly since TP load reductions, it is still below estimated historical values and the Lake Simcoe Protection Plan end-of-summer target level of 7 mg O-2 L Low deep water O-2 concentrations corresponded with a decline in coldwater fish abundance.

Since , some nutrient concentrations have decreased spring TP while others have increased silica , but many show no obvious changes ice-free TP, nitrate, ammonium. Increases in water clarity, combined with declines in chlorophyll a and phytoplankton biovolumes in Cook's Bay, were temporally consistent with declines in TP loading and the lake-wide establishment of dreissenid mussels as a major component of the Lake Simcoe ecosystem.

Using an investigative tool, we identified 2 periods when abrupt shifts potentially occurred in multiple parameters: and Additional ecosystem level changes such as declines in zooplankton, declines in offshore benthic invertebrate abundance, and increased nearshore invertebrate abundance likely reflect the effects of invasive species.

The interaction of these multiple stressors have significantly altered the Lake Simcoe ecosystem. Due to the information growth, distributed environments are offered as a feasible and scalable solution where Peer-to-Peer networks have become more relevant.

They bring many advantages as high flexibility for peers to join or leave the network dynamically, scalability, autonomy and high resilience against peer failures. However, the use of proprietary interfaces within the network and the requirement that peers must implement them to join makes P2P networks unable to interact with other systems and environments, isolating the network as a whole.

In this paper, we report on a solution based on a proxy-based architecture and semantic mappings in order to allow the sharing of content between peers within a P2P network with content from other systems outside the network. Human water security is often achieved with little consideration of environmental consequences and, even when these are acknowledged, the trade-offs between human and environmental water needs are increasing in frequency and amplitude on the increase.

The environmental flows concept has continued to evolve in response to these challenges. However, the field is characterized by a limited transferability of insights, due to the prevalence of specific case-study analyses and a lack of research on the governance of environmental flows.

We suggest a framework that details as to how these advances and interactions can be achieved. The framework supports scientific analysis and practical implementation of EFRs involving systematic compilation, sharing and evaluation of experiences from different riverine ecosystems and governance systems around the globe. The concept of ecosystem services is introduced into the framework to raise awareness for the importance of ecosystem functions for the resilience of social-ecological systems, to support negotiation of trade-offs and development of strategies for adaptive implementation.

Experience in implementation of environmental flow policies reveals the need for an engaged, transdisciplinary research approach where research is closely linked to implementation initiatives on the ground.

We advocate that this is more effective at building the foundations for sustainable water management. Major rivers worldwide have experienced dramatic changes in flow, reducing their natural ability to adjust to and absorb disturbances. Given expected changes in global climate and water needs, this may create serious problems, including loss of native biodiversity and risks to ecosystems and humans from increased flooding or water shortages.

Here, we project river discharge under different climate and water withdrawal scenarios and combine this with data on the impact of dams on large river basins to create global maps illustrating potential changes in discharge and water stress for dam-impacted and free-flowing basins. The projections indicate that every populated basin in the world will experience changes in river discharge and many will experience water stress.

The magnitude of these impacts is used to identify basins likely and almost certain to require proactive or reactive management intervention. Our analysis indicates that the area in need of management action to mitigate the impacts of climate change is much greater for basins impacted by dams than for basins with free-flowing rivers.

Nearly one billion people live in areas likely to require action and approximately million people live in basins almost certain to require action. Proactive management efforts will minimize risks to ecosystems and people and may be less costly than reactive efforts taken only once problems have arisen.

Forskning tyder på att stress kan påverka barns hälsa och att senare tids ökning av barns ohälsa är relaterat till socioekonomisk status SES. Studiens syfte var att studera sambanden mellan SES, stress och hälsa hos barn.

Totalt barn från åk 4 i två skolor med låg respektive hög SES deltog i enkätundersökningen. Resultaten visar marginella skillnader i stress och hälsa mellan de båda SES-grupperna; dock var magvärk och huvudvärk signifikant vanligare hos barnen i låg-SES-gruppen. Vidare fanns mindre könsskillnader avseende livsstilsfrågor, dock ej direkt i relation till stress och hälsa. Sammantaget visar studien inte på några stora skillnader i relation till SES vilket kan bero på skillnader i gruppstorlek mellan låg respektive hög SES gruppen.

A new synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectral PES study of iodopentafluorobenzene, together with a theoretical analysis of the spectrum, where Franck-Condon factors are discussed, gives detailed insight into the ionization processes, and this exposes the need for a reinvestigation of the vacuum ultraviolet spectral VUV assignments. We have calculated adiabatic ionization energies AIEs for several ionic states, using the equation-of-motion coupled cluster method for ionic states combined with multi-configuration self-consistent field calculation study.

This symmetry sequence has a major impact on previous VUV spectral assignments, which now appear to be to optically forbidden states. Changes in the equilibrium structures for these ionic states are relatively small, but a significant decrease and increase in the C-I bond length relative to the X 1 A 1 structure occurs for the XB1 -B-2 and CB1 -B-2 states, respectively.

The result of these overlaps is the loss of vibrational structure and considerable broadening of the higher energy PES state. Although the baseline is nearly re-established between the A and B states, where the two bands are nearly separate, the B state is also broadened by the A state. Only the C ionic state, which shows the most highly developed vibrational structure, can be regarded as free from vibrational coupling to a neighbor state.

The Franck-Condon analysis of the PES bands X, A, B, and C is described in detail; the apparent simplicity of some of these bands is illusory, since almost all the observed peaks arise from super-position of several calculated vibrational states.

The experimental AIE of the A state, which is submerged under the X state envelope, has been determined by the subtraction of the calculated X state envelope from the observed PES spectrum. The overlap of these PES bands and the apparent closeness of the potential energy curves describing them have been investigated, using the state-averaged, complete active space self-consistent field method.

We have identified two structures, one where the potential energy curves for the X and A states cross and another for the A and B states. At these two conical intersections ConInts , there is zero-energy difference within each pair of states. Although similar in energy, the ConInt for the crossing of the X with A states, and that for the A with B states, shows that the open-shell occupancies correspond to the 4 lowest AIE states, and all four states that are quite different from each other.

Published by AIP Publishing. The measurements have been combined with those from a recent high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopic study. A major theoretical study, which includes both Franck-Condon FC and Herzberg-Teller HT analyses, leads to conclusions, which are compatible with both experimental studies. Our observation that the VUV multiplet at 7. Adiabatic excitation energies AEEs were determined from equations-of-motion coupled cluster with singles and doubles excitation; these were combined with time dependent density functional theoretical methods.

Frequencies from these two methods are very similar, and this enabled the evaluation of both FC and HT contributions in the lower valence states. This results in considerable lengthening of the C-I bond for both these excited states.

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  • Barton, D. Abstract [sv]. Denna primära förhandlingsskyldighet gäller endast mot de kollektivavtalsslutande arbetstagarorganisationerna. The Franck-Condon FC analyses including both hot and cold bands lead to identification of the vibrational structure of both ionic and electronically excited states including two Rydberg states. The relative intensities of the various Rydberg state peaks in the VUV absorption and REMPI spectra of fluorobenzene are very similar to those observed in the equivalent spectra of benzene.

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